When more than two waves exist, the sum of them is expressed as superposition, and becomes a standing wave.

W1=A1 exp(-j k1.r)
W2=A2 exp(-j k2.r)

W=W1+W2

|W| means the envelope of the standing wave.

[Image of traveling wave]

(Movie)

[Image of standing wave]

(Movie)

[Animation]

• 1D case
  • 1D Standing Waves (Electric and Magnetic Field)
  • LiveGraphics3D Animation of Standing Waves
• 2D case